Sodium Bicarbonate Solution

Sodium bicarbonate solution is indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis in cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and dogs.

Severe renal disease (kidney failure).
Uncontrolled diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis).
Circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration.
Cardiac arrest.
Severe primary lactic acidosis.
Severe diarrhea, which often causes a significant loss of bicarbonate from the body.
Certain drug or alcohol intoxications, such as poisoning by salicylates or methyl alcohol, where it helps alkalinize the urine to aid excretion or diminish nephrotoxicity.
Rumen hyper-tolerance to carbohydrates (acid indigestion) in ruminants, resulting from eating excessive amounts of energy-rich feed.

For less urgent cases (e.g., severe renal disease or dehydration): The sodium bicarbonate solution is often diluted with other compatible intravenous fluids, such as 5% dextrose in water (D5W) or 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and administered as an infusion over a period of 4 to 8 hours. This gradual approach helps avoid rapid changes in blood pH and sodium concentration.
For emergencies (e.g., cardiac arrest, shock): An undiluted 8.4% solution may be given by rapid IV infusion using a needle and syringe, especially in large animals like cattle and horses. In these critical situations, the immediate risks of severe acidosis are considered to outweigh the potential risks of rapid administration.
Intravenous Use Only: The solution is strictly for intravenous use; it is not intended for oral or subcutaneous administration in this form.

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