INDICATIONS

• – Loss of appetite (anorexia) and weight loss
• – Vomiting and depression
• – Neurological signs: incoordination, a crouching gait, a wide-based stance, head pressing, “star-gazing,” tremors, seizures, and paralysis
• – In cats, a characteristic sign can be ventroflexion of the neck, where the head is held down towards the chest
• – In ruminants (cattle, sheep), symptoms of PEM include blindness, an abnormal gait, and arching of the head back 

Metabolic Indications 

• Thiamine Deficiency: Treatment and prevention of vitamin B1 deficiency caused by poor diet (e.g., uncooked meat or specific raw fish containing thiaminases), malnutrition, or chronic illness.
• Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): Also known as cerebrocortical necrosis, this is a critical brain degeneration in cattle, sheep, and goats often caused by rumen-based thiamine deficiency.
• Metabolic Disorders: Used as an adjunct therapy for metabolic disorders in cattle and as a supplement for newborns with nutritional deficiencies.
• Support for “Hard Working” Animals: Essential for energy production in performance horses or working dogs, helping to break down lactic and pyruvic acids in muscles. 

• Neurological Disturbances: Indicated for seizures, ataxia (incoordination), and “star gazing” posture in ruminants.
• Lead Poisoning: Used as an adjunctive treatment in cattle and dogs to mitigate neurological effects.
• Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze) Toxicity: Often administered as supportive therapy for cats and dogs suspected of antifreeze ingestion.

• Calming Effect: High doses are sometimes used in horses and dogs to help calm nervous or over-excitable animals.
• Anorexia and Fatigue: Indicated for pets and livestock experiencing a loss of appetite, severe weight loss, or general muscle weakness.
• Secondary Anemia: Can be used as a supportive medicine for anemia or parasitic infections. 

ADMINISTRATION

• Intramuscular (IM): This is a common and often recommended method, as it leads to fast absorption due to good blood supply in the muscle tissue.
• Subcutaneous (SC): This route involves injecting the medication just under the skin and may be used, particularly for dogs and cats, or if advised by a veterinarian.
• Intravenous (IV): This method should be used with caution, administered slowly, and often involves diluting the thiamine with a sodium chloride or glucose solution. Rapid IV administration or high doses can cause serious side effects, including hypotension, cardiac issues, or neuromuscular blockade