INDICATIONS

• Treating and Preventing Deficiency: The main use is to quickly restore adequate vitamin A levels in animals.
• Vision Support: Vitamin A is essential for proper vision, particularly night vision. Injections help address deficiency symptoms like night blindness, conjunctivitis, and other ocular issues that can progress to total blindness if untreated.
• Immune System Enhancement: Adequate vitamin A helps maintain the integrity of mucosal barriers (skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts), which are the body’s first line of defense against pathogens.
• Reproductive Health: Injections can improve reproductive performance in breeding animals. Studies in sows and cattle have shown that supplementation can increase conception rates, litter sizes, and the number of live-born offspring by reducing embryonic mortality.
• Growth and Development: It is vital for normal growth, bone formation, and the maintenance of healthy skin and hooves. Injections in newborn calves have been shown to increase weaning weights and enhance muscle growth.

ADMINISTRATION

• Intramuscular (IM) Injection: This is the most common method for livestock like cattle, sheep, and swine.
• Subcutaneous (SQ) Injection: The injection is given just under the skin, often in the neck or behind the shoulder.
• Needle Selection: In large animals (cattle), use a 14 to 18 gauge needle, approximately 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5–4 cm) long.

1. Aseptic Technique: Use a sterilized needle and syringe for every animal. 
2. Preparation: Invert the vial and draw the prescribed dosage into the syringe.
3. Dose Splitting: If the dose exceeds 5 mL, it should be divided and injected into two different sites to ensure proper absorption.
4. Application:
   • For IM, insert the needle perpendicular to the skin into the muscle.
   • For SQ, “tent” the skin and insert the needle at a shallow angle into the space beneath.
5. Frequency: Depending on the animal’s needs, injections may be repeated every 60 to 90 days.