INDICATIONS

• Facilitating handling and restraint of fractious or difficult animals.
• Performing diagnostic procedures such as oral and ophthalmic examinations, abdominal palpation, and X-rays.
• Minor surgical procedures of short duration, like suturing lacerations or debridement.
• Preanesthetic to general or local anesthesia, reducing the required dose of other anesthetic agents.
• Therapeutic medication for sedation and relief of pain following injury or surgery.
• Inducing vomiting (emesis), particularly in cats. 

ADMINISTRATION

• Intravenous (IV):
  • Onset of action: Effects are typically seen within 3 to 5 minutes in horses.
  • Usage: Often used for faster sedation and when combined with other IV anesthetics. Care must be taken to ensure the needle is in the vein (e.g., jugular vein in horses) and not an artery (e.g., carotid artery), which can cause severe reactions.
• Intramuscular (IM):
  • Onset of action: Effects usually develop within 10 to 15 minutes.
  • Usage: Can be administered in large muscle groups like the croup or shoulder.
  • Sites: Common sites include the quadriceps, lumbodorsal muscles (along the spine), or triceps muscle in small animals.
• Subcutaneous (SC):
  • Usage: Less common, but can be an option in some species or specific formulations.